Bengaluru: Bengaluru, once known as the “City of Lakes,” is now gasping for water.
This year, February and March have felt more like mid-summer, with scorching temperatures and little respite in sight.
Climate experts attribute the unusual heat and prolonged dry spells to human-driven climate change.
The city’s reservoirs are drying up, groundwater is depleting rapidly, and rainfall patterns have turned increasingly erratic — all signs of a worsening environmental crisis.
But the alarm bells aren’t just theoretical. They’re being heard loudest in the poorer neighbourhoods, where water is becoming unaffordable.
Tankers charge exorbitant rates for even a few hundred liters, and borewells are turning into dusty shafts of disappointment.
As the summer sun intensifies, so does the desperation.
A drying lifeline
The Cauvery river — the primary source of drinking water for the city — is under immense stress.
The northeast monsoon (October to December 2024) left Karnataka with a 38 percent rainfall deficit.
The southwest monsoon (June to September) wasn’t much better, showing a 25 percent deficit.
As of early 2024, the major Cauvery basin reservoirs like Harangi, Hemavathi, and Kabini hold only 39 percent of their total capacity.
Cracks beneath the surface
The ground beneath Bengaluru is just as parched. The city’s urban sprawl has buried natural landscapes under concrete, leaving rainwater with no place to seep in.
Consequently, groundwater levels are dropping at an alarming rate. Thousands of borewells have already gone dry, and those still functional are being over-exploited.
Hydrologists warn that this over-reliance on underground water, paired with reduced rainfall, is leading to irreversible aquifer damage.
Infrastructure in free fall
Bengaluru’s infrastructure, already burdened by the weight of 14 million residents, is teetering. The city’s sewage systems, water pipelines, and storage facilities are outdated and insufficient.
Leaks, losses, and inefficient management plague the system, worsening the inequitable distribution of water.
The city is growing — vertically and horizontally — but its water infrastructure is stuck in the past.
Pollution and mismanagement
If scarcity weren’t enough, pollution is making the available water unfit for use. A study by the Environmental Management and Policy Research Institute (EMPRI) reports that nearly 85 percent of the city’s lakes are polluted due to untreated sewage, industrial discharge, and garbage dumping.
While authorities have nationalized private tankers and capped prices in a bid to control the crisis, experts argue that stopgap measures won’t solve the structural issues.
Inefficient water management, political indecisiveness, and legal disputes over interstate river sharing — especially with Tamil Nadu — further complicate the situation.
Behind closed doors, central and state governments continue to bicker over drought relief funds, while citizens queue up with empty buckets and uncertain eyes.
The bigger picture
This is not just Bengaluru’s crisis. It’s a symptom of the planet’s bigger ailment — climate change, urban mismanagement, and environmental neglect.
El Niño has disrupted rainfall patterns. Urbanization has strangled natural ecosystems. Political willpower is scattered, and public awareness is lacking. Bengaluru is fast becoming a cautionary tale for other Indian cities headed down a similar path.
What needs to happen
- Accelerated Rainwater Harvesting: Mandate rooftop and neighborhood-level systems across residential and commercial buildings.
- Watershed Revival Projects: Rejuvenate lakes, wetlands, and rajakaluves (ancient stormwater drains).
- Strict Pollution Controls: Enforce stricter norms for industries and penalize illegal sewage discharge.
- Groundwater Regulation: Implement a real-time monitoring system and restrict unauthorized borewell drilling.
- Public Awareness Campaigns: Empower citizens to reduce water usage, report misuse, and adopt sustainable practices.
- Integrated Urban Planning: Build a resilient city plan with water security at its core.
Hope in action
There are glimmers of hope, however. Local communities and citizen-led initiatives have started rejuvenating lakes, harvesting rainwater, and advocating for eco-friendly development.
The challenge is to scale these efforts and align them with larger state and national water strategies.
As April and May approach, Bengaluru’s water crisis serves as a reminder that environmental neglect has consequences.
But it also offers a chance — perhaps the last — to rebuild our relationship with nature before the taps run dry for good.
